Hydrogen blending into natural gas distribution grids
This option is particularly interesting in regions relying on natural gas for heating. Hydrogen blends up to 20% on a volumetric basis can make use of an important fraction of the existing natural gas distribution infrastructure and would require minimal infrastructure and end-use equipment
adaptation.
The use of 20% blending shares (on a volumetric basis) has already been demonstrated, although it represents only around 7% on an energy basis and, therefore, less than 7% decrease in GHG emissions depending on the carbon footprint of the hydrogen blended. Still, blending small fractions of hydrogen into the gas grid could represent a significant increase in hydrogen demand
in the short term, thus contributing to the scale up and cost reduction of hydrogen generation technologies.
However, it could also add a significant cost to the end user. Blending just 3% by
volume into all natural gas use around the world would boost clean hydrogen demand by close to 12 Mt H2/yr but would add around 3-15% to natural gas supply costs. Meeting this demand with electrolytic hydrogen would represent around 70 GW of electrolysis capacity.
(Projected Costs of Generating Electricity 2020 Edition, IEA/NEA, page 206)